Geothermal heat pumps use 25% to 50% less electricity than conventional heating or cooling systems. As of 2004, the United States had 12 gigawatts of installed thermal capacity from geothermal heat pumps, with an additional 80,000 units installed each year. The first successful commercial project was installed in the Commonwealth Building in Portland, Oregon in 1946. Specific to their configuration, these systems are referred to as ground-coupled heat pumps, groundwater heat pumps, and surface water heat pumps, respectively. Geothermal heat pumps, also referred to as ground source heat pumps or geo-exchange, refer to systems that use the ground, groundwater, or surface water as a heat source or sink.
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